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Main features of CNC machine tools

2021-09-15

The operation and monitoring of CNC machine tools are all completed in this CNC unit, which is the brain of CNC machine tools. Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:

1. It has strong adaptability to processing objects, adapts to the characteristics of single-piece production of molds and other products, and provides suitable processing methods for mold manufacturing;

2. High machining precision and stable machining quality;

3. It can carry out multi-coordinate linkage, and can process parts with complex shapes;

4. When the machining parts are changed, generally only the numerical control program needs to be changed, which can save production preparation time;

5. The machine tool itself has high precision and high rigidity, can choose favorable processing amount, and has high productivity (generally 3 to 5 times that of ordinary machine tools);

6. The machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can reduce labor intensity;

7. It is conducive to the modernization of production management. CNC machine tools use digital information and standard codes to process and transmit information, and use computer control methods, which lays the foundation for the integration of computer-aided design, manufacturing and management;

8. Higher quality requirements for operators and higher technical requirements for maintenance personnel;

9. High reliability.

Compared with traditional machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics.

1. Highly flexible

Machining parts on CNC machine tools mainly depends on the processing program. It is different from ordinary machine tools. It does not need to be manufactured, replace many molds and fixtures, and does not need to readjust the machine tool frequently. Therefore, CNC machine tools are suitable for occasions where the processed parts are frequently replaced, that is, suitable for the production of single-piece, small batch products and the development of new products, thereby shortening the production preparation cycle and saving a lot of process equipment costs.

2. High machining accuracy

The machining accuracy of CNC machine tools can generally reach 0.05-0.1mm. The CNC machine tools are controlled in the form of digital signals. Each time the CNC device outputs a pulse signal, the moving parts of the machine tool move by a pulse equivalent (usually 0.001mm), and the machine tool advances. The backlash of the transmission chain and the average error of the screw pitch can be compensated by the numerical control device, so the positioning accuracy of the numerical control machine tool is relatively high.

3. Stable and reliable processing quality

Machining the same batch of parts, on the same machine tool, under the same processing conditions, using the same tool and processing program, the tool travel path is exactly the same, the consistency of the parts is good, and the quality is stable.

4. High productivity

CNC machine tools can effectively reduce the processing time and auxiliary time of parts. The spindle sound speed and feed range of CNC machine tools are large, allowing the machine tool to perform powerful cutting with a large amount of cutting. CNC machine tools are entering the era of high-speed machining. The rapid movement and positioning of moving parts of CNC machine tools and high-speed cutting have greatly improved productivity. In addition, when used in conjunction with the tool magazine of the machining center, it can realize continuous processing of multiple processes on one machine tool, reduce the turnaround time between processes of semi-finished products, and improve productivity.

5. Improve working conditions

Before the CNC machine tool is adjusted, the program is input and started, and the machine tool can automatically and continuously process until the end of the process. What the operator has to do is only program input, editing, parts loading and unloading, tool preparation, processing state observation, parts inspection, etc. The labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the labor of machine tool operators tends to be intellectual work. In addition, machine tools are generally combined, which is both clean and safe.

6. Utilize the modernization of production management

The processing of CNC machine tools can accurately estimate the processing time in advance, standardize and modernize the tools and fixtures used, and easily realize the standardization of processing information. It has been organically combined with computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), It is the basis of modern integrated manufacturing technology.

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